Free MDCAT-2025-26 FLP-1 Online Test

1. Match the precursor molecule to its correct entry point product:

2. When an organism utilizes fats as a primary fuel source instead of carbohydrates, the initial hydrolysis products eventually enter the metabolic pathway at which two primary points?

3. Which two-carbon molecule is the central link for the oxidation of both fatty acids and pyruvate from glucose?

4. Choose the INCORRECT statement regarding Glycolysis:

5. The following biological molecules are typically utilized as immediate or stored energy sources, EXCEPT:

6. If equal masses of carbohydrate (Glycogen) and fat (Triglyceride) are fully oxidized, which statement regarding the energy yield is CORRECT?

7. The dinucleotide NAD (Nicotinamide Adenosine Dinucleotide) functions as a:

8. Amino acids that are smaller than peptone and are formed by the hydrolysis of large protein chains are called:

9. Select the statement that is INCORRECT regarding Glycerol:

10. When blood glucose levels fall, the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete:

11. An enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency is known as:

12. The thyroid gland’s two lobes are connected by:

13. Hormones synthesized by enzymatic modification of the amino acid include Epinephrine and Nor-epinephrine:

14. Hormones are described as chemical messengers. The Greek root of the word “hormone” means:

15. The time delay at the AV node ensures that:

16. The period of ventricular contraction lasts for approximately:

17. The average human heart rate is:

18. The middle concentric layer of the heart wall is the:

19. Select the INCORRECT statement regarding heart chambers:

20. Co-enzymes are organic co-factors that are:

21. The region of the active site responsible for catalytic activity is called:

22. The size relationship between enzyme and substrate:

23. Amylase and Pepsin are enzymes that contain a protein part with a non-protein part such as Acetyl CoA:

24. B-cells and T-cells differ significantly:

25. A small soluble protein secreted by B lymphocytes to destroy pathogens is:

26. Match the T cell type with its defining co-receptor:

27. T Helper cells (TH) bear the CD4 co-receptor, TCR, and ________receptors on their plasma membranes:

28. Tc cells differ from NK cells because Tc cells:

29. T cells originate in the bone marrow and mature in the:

30. The major symptom of Erythroblastosis fetalis is:

31. The inheritance pattern of IA, IB, and i alleles in ABO blood group is:

32. Select the INCORRECT statement regarding Co-dominance:

33. A cross between Tt and tt gives a phenotypic ratio of:

34. In a test cross involving a homozygous dominant, all offspring will be:

35. When heterozygous F1 plants (Rr×Rr) are self-pollinated, F2 genotypic ratio is:

36. Neurotransmitters derived from amino acids are termed:

37. The limbic structure responsible for emotion-based responses is:

38. Which of the following factors most effectively increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction along an axon?

39. Depolarization occurs when the membrane potential becomes:

40. During resting state, Na⁺ concentration is approximately times greater outside than inside:

41. Match the receptor type with its primary stimulus:

42. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global STD caused by HIV. Why does AIDS weaken the immune system and make individuals vulnerable to other infections?

43. The general definition of STDs highlights that they are a group of ailments that are spread primarily through sexual contact with an infected person. Which two STDs discussed are specifically classified as bacterial infections?

44. Gonorrhea and Syphilis are classified as bacterial STDs. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. What is the implication for the treatment of both diseases?

45. The conversion of the secondary oocyte nucleus and the sperm (n) nucleus forms a zygote (2n) with 46 chromosomes. This event must occur in which specific location?

46. Following ovulation on Day 14, the remaining ruptured Graafian follicle transforms into the Corpus Luteum. Which pituitary hormone is essential for initiating this structural transformation?

47. During the Proliferative phase (Days 6–14), high Estrogen levels stimulate the growth of the endometrium. What key functional consequence does this have on the female reproductive tract mucus?

48. The seminal vesicles contribute approximately 60% of the total volume of semen. What is the primary functional consequence of this large contribution?

49. If a person suffers from Tetany (tetanic seizure), the cause is related to disorders that increase the action potential frequency of muscle cells. Which physiological imbalance is often implicated in causing Tetany?

50. Rheumatoid Arthritis differs significantly from Osteoarthritis because its causative mechanism involves:

51. Arthritis is a common disorder of the skeletal system, fundamentally defined as a disease that affects joints, causing:

52. Synovial joints are the most mobile joints, characterized by the presence of a Synovial Cavity. What specific role does the Synovial Fluid play within this cavity?

53. The muscle fiber enters the Relaxation stage when the nerve impulse ceases. The enzyme Acetylcholine-esterase performs what essential function to enable relaxation?

54. In the Cross Bridge Cycle, the Myosin head is “cocked” (high energy position). This crucial event is powered by which molecular mechanism?

55. Cardiac muscles are known to be the strongest among all muscle types. This strength and resistance to fatigue is directly attributed to the presence of:

56. During the Remodeling stage of simple fracture repair, new bone is formed and old bone is removed. Which cell type must be induced to break down and resorb bone tissue?

57. If a person only breathes normally, taking in and giving out about 450 to 500 ml of air, this volume is known as Tidal Volume. What concept is defined as the maximum amount of air that can be inspired over and above the Tidal Volume?

58. During physical exercise, breathing rate and depth increase. What is the main physiological reason behind this adjustment?

59. The process of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center located in which part of the brain?

60. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

61. Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for Carbon Monoxide (CO) than for Oxygen. What consequence does this property have in cases of CO poisoning?

62. During external respiration, oxygen binds with Hemoglobin to form Oxyhemoglobin. What type of reaction is involved in this binding?

63. The presence of surfactant in the alveoli serves what essential function?

64. Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by:

65. If a nephron is specifically classified as Juxtamedullary, the primary functional difference compared to a cortical nephron is its loop of Henle which:

66. If a person suffers from Emphysema, they will experience less oxygen transport into the bloodstream. This physiological failure is due to:

67. Which of the following gases regulates the rate and depth of breathing under normal conditions?

68. Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

69. Hemoglobin is characterized as a conjugated protein with two pairs of polypeptide chains, each bearing an iron-containing heme group. How many Oxygen molecules can one Hemoglobin molecule loosely transport at one time?

70. If the body suddenly increases the rate of breathing, this is a response triggered by the accumulation of which substances in the blood?

71. If a person produces 180 liters of glomerular filtrate in 24 hours but excretes only 2.5 liters of urine, this drastic difference is primarily a result of which kidney process?

72. Tubular Secretion involves the movement of certain substances from the blood plasma into the filtrate of the PCT and DCT. The primary purpose of this process is to eliminate what?

73. The Hilum is the medial depression hollow on the concave side of the Kidney. This area is structurally important because it is the specific location for:

74. Recombinant proteins produced by biotechnologists are used to treat growth hormone deficiency and anemia. These deficiencies are treated by replacing the missing:

75. The Head of the Bacteriophage T4 is three-dimensional and polyhedral, composed of small protein units called _____.

76. If a biotechnologist uses mRNA technology to create a treatment product, the core mechanism involves delivering instructions for:

77. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV, which belongs to the group of viruses known as _____, due to their method of replication.

78. Adenoviruses are listed in the classification table as examples of viruses exhibiting which capsid shape?

79. What is the essential functional characteristic of Positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses (like Corona or Dengue)?

80. The presence of mixed features like teeth, fingers, and a long tail in Archaeopteryx strongly suggests that some ancestral reptiles transformed into:

81. The wings of an insect, a bat, and a bird share similarity in function (flying) but differ in their anatomical structures and do not share a common ancestry. This is termed:

82. Which statement about buffer solutions is correct?

83. The hybridization of the central carbon in CH₂O (formaldehyde) is:

84. Le Chatelier’s principle predicts that adding a catalyst to a system at equilibrium will:

85. Which species is the strongest reducing agent?

86. In the Born-Haber cycle for formation of NaCl, which term corresponds to converting gaseous Na atoms to Na⁺(g)?

87. Which is the correct IUPAC name for CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃?

88. The standard electrode potential E° for a reaction is +0.34 V. This indicates the reaction is:

89. In benzene, all C–C bond distances are equal because of:

90. For an ideal gas, which is true when temperature increases at constant pressure?

91. The major product of hydrogenation of cis-2-butene is:

92. Which statement about ionic solids is true?

93. Which among the following is a condensation polymer?

94. Which of the following is a secondary amine?

95. In metallic bonding, electrical conductivity is due to:

96. Which is a Lewis acid?

97. Which compound shows geometrical (cis–trans) isomerism?

98. Which molecule exhibits optical isomerism (chirality)?

99. The molecular geometry of SF₆ is:

100. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of transition metals?

101. Which compound gives Tollens’ test (is oxidizable to carboxylate)?

102. Which statement about π bonds is true?

103. Which substance is crystalline and covalent (network covalent)?

104. Which reagent is used for preparation of Grignard reagent (RMgX)?

105. In organic chemistry, Markovnikov’s rule predicts that in addition of HBr to propene, the H attaches to:

106. Which reaction mechanism involves a cyclic transition state for pericyclic reactions?

107. The strongest intermolecular force present in CH₃CH₂CH₂-Cl is:

108. Which method separates a mixture of two liquids with significantly different boiling points?

109. Which is required for Saponification of an ester?

110. Which reaction increases oxidation state of carbon (oxidation)?

111. Which of the following is a chelating ligand?

112. Which is a typical test to distinguish between aldehyde and ketone?

113. Which compound shows keto–enol tautomerism readily?

114. Which compound will undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution most readily?

115. Which organic reaction converts an alkene to vicinal dihalide (adds X–X across double bond)?

116. Which gas is released when zinc reacts with dilute HCl?

117. The substance which gives reddish-brown gas with concentrated HNO₃ and Cu is:

118. Which reaction represents oxidation?

119. The oxidizing agent in reaction Cu + 2AgNO₃ → 2Ag + Cu(NO₃)₂ is:

120. Which law explains the relationship between gas pressure and volume?

121. Which of the following is an example of heterogeneous equilibrium?

122. Which reaction is an example of substitution reaction?

123. The number of sigma and pi bonds in ethene (C₂H₄) is:

124. The process of rusting of iron involves:

125. The common ion effect is observed in:

126. The reagent used to convert alcohol into aldehyde is:

127. Which of the following quantities is always conserved in an isolated system during any collision?

128. Two identical particles approach each other with equal and opposite velocities and stick together after collision. What is true about kinetic energy?

129. A block slides down a frictionless inclined plane and then up another frictionless incline to the same height. Which is true?

130. For small oscillations of a Pendulum, increasing the mass does what to the period?

131. In a standing wave on a string fixed at both ends, the nodes are points where:

132. Which is true for Doppler shift of sound when source moves toward stationary observer?

133. In photoelectric effect, increasing frequency of incident light (above threshold) affects:

134. Which is true about radioactive decay law?

135. A resistor and ideal inductor in series are connected to an AC source. At resonance frequency, the circuit’s impedance is:

136. Lenz’s law gives the direction of induced emf so that it:

137. Two capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in series and charged. Equivalent capacitance is:

138. In a semiconductor diode under forward bias, majority carriers:

139. In a double-slit interference experiment, if slit separation is doubled keeping other parameters same, fringe separation on screen:

140. For blackbody radiation at temperature T, peak wavelength λmax obeys:

141. A Carnot engine operates between 500 K and 300 K. Its efficiency is:

142. If torque on a rigid body about a fixed axis is zero, then:

143. For damped harmonic oscillator, underdamped motion means:

144. For two point charges +q and -q separated by distance d (electric dipole), potential far away varies as:

145. Electric field inside a hollow conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is:

146. Which statement about superconductors is correct?

147. In a photoelectric experiment, increasing intensity of light below threshold frequency will:

148. For projectile motion, ignoring air resistance, time of flight is independent of:

149. For an ideal gas undergoing cyclic process, net work done equals:

150. A radioactive sample has half-life T. After time 2T, fraction remaining is:

151. When the length of a conductor is doubled and its area is halved, its resistance becomes:

152. A 2 Ω resistor carries 3 A current for 10 s. The heat produced is:

153. In a cell, internal resistance increases when:

154. Which of the following materials has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance?

155. Kirchhoff’s first law is based on conservation of:

156. The angle between two equal vectors when their resultant is equal to either is:

157. The unit vector in the direction of a given vector has magnitude:

158. The vector sum of three coplanar vectors can be zero if:

159. The projection of a vector on an axis is:

160. The stability of nucleus depends on:

161. A radioactive sample loses 75% of its activity in 2 hours. Its half-life is:

162. Binding energy per nucleon is maximum for:

163. If anyone calls, tell ___ I am not available.

164. One must not boast of ___ own success.

165. He was reading a book while I ___.

166. They made him ___ the truth

167. ___, I believe we should reconsider the plan.

168. Change to passive: "You must finish the report by 5 PM."

169. Identify the correctly spelled word.

170. Hardly ___ when the phone rang.

171. Synonym of "Hostile"

172. Look at this series: 36, 34, 30, 28, 24, ... What number should come next?

173.

174. Complete the Series: SCD, TEF, UGH, ____, WKL

175. Complete the Series: B₂CD, _____, BCD₄, B₅CD, BC₆D

176. In a four-day period Monday through Thursday each of the following temporary office workers worked only one day, each a different day. Ms. Johnson was scheduled to work on Monday, but she traded with Mr. Carter, who was originally scheduled to work on Wednesday. Ms. Falk traded with Mr. Kirk, who was originally scheduled to work on Thursday. After all the switching was done, who worked on Tuesday?

177. Statement: The weather bureau has through a recent bulletin forecast heavy rainfall during the next week which may cause water logging in several parts of the city.

Courses of Action:

1. The bulletin should be given wide publicity through the mass media.
2. The civic authority should keep in readiness the pumping system for removal of water from these parts.
3. The people should be advised to stay indoors during the period.

178. Statement: A train derailed near a station while moving over a bridge and fell into a river, resulting in the death of 65 people.

Courses of Action:

1. The Railway Authorities should clarify the reason of the accident to the Government.
2. The Government should allocate funds to compensate the destruction caused.
3. The protection walls of the bridge should be made strong enough to avoid such accidents.

179. Statements:

1. The government has decided to make all the information related to primary education available to the general public.
2. In the past, the general public did not have access to all these information related to primary education.

180. Statements:

1. The farmers have decided against selling their kharif crops to the Government agencies.
2. The Government has reduced the procurement price of kharif crops starting from last month to the next six months.